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Kerr black holes with self-interacting scalar hair: hairier but not heavier

机译:克尔黑洞与自相互作用的标量头发:毛茸茸但不是   较重

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摘要

The maximal ADM mass for (mini-)boson stars (BSs) -- gravitating solitons ofEinstein's gravity minimally coupled to a free, complex, mass $\mu$,Klein-Gordon field -- is $M_{\rm ADM}^{\rm max}\sim M_{Pl}^2/\mu$. Addingquartic self-interactions to the scalar field theory, described by theLagrangian $\mathcal{L}_I=\lambda |\Psi|^4$, the maximal ADM mass becomes$M_{\rm ADM}^{\rm max}\sim \sqrt{\lambda}M_{Pl}^3/\mu^2$. Thus, for mini-BSs,astrophysically interesting masses require ultra-light scalar fields, whereasself-interacting BSs can reach such values for bosonic particles with StandardModel range masses. We investigate how these same self-interactions affect Kerrblack holes with scalar hair (KBHsSH) [1], which can be regarded as (spinning)BSs in stationary equilibrium with a central horizon. Remarkably, whereas theADM mass scales in the same way as for BSs, the \textit{horizon mass} $M_H$does not increases with the coupling $\lambda$, and, for fixed $\mu$, it ismaximized at the "Hod point", corresponding to the extremal Kerr black holeobtained in the vanishing hair limit. This mass is always $M_{\rm H}^{\rm max}\sim M_{\rm Pl}^2/\mu$. Thus, introducing these self-interactions, the blackhole spacetimes may become considerably "hairier" but the trapped regionscannot become "heavier". We present evidence this observation also holds in amodel with $\mathcal{L}_I= \beta|\Psi|^6-\lambda|\Psi|^4$; if it extends to\textit{general} scalar field models, KBHsSH with astrophysically interestinghorizon masses \textit{require} ultra-light scalar fields. Their existence,therefore, would be a smoking gun for such (beyond the Standard Model)particles.
机译:(微型)玻色子星(BS)的最大ADM质量-引力的爱因斯坦引力孤子与自由,复杂,质量$ \ mu $,Klein-Gordon场最小耦合-是$ M _ {\ rm ADM} ^ { \ rm max} \ sim M_ {Pl} ^ 2 / \ mu $。在由拉格朗日$ \ mathcal {L} _I = \ lambda | \ Psi | ^ 4 $描述的标量场理论上增加四次自相互作用,最大ADM质量变为$ M _ {\ rm ADM} ^ {\ rm max} \ sim \ sqrt {\ lambda} M_ {Pl} ^ 3 / \ mu ^ 2 $。因此,对于小型BS,天文学上令人感兴趣的质量需要超轻的标量场,而自相互作用BS可以达到具有StandardModel范围质量的质子粒子的此类值。我们研究了这些相同的自相互作用如何影响带有标量头发(KBHsSH)的Kerrblack孔[1],可以将其视为具有中心水平线的静止平衡中的(旋转)BS。值得注意的是,尽管ADM的质量按与BS相同的方式进行缩放,但\ textit {水平质量} $ M_H $不会随着$ \ lambda $的耦合而增加,并且对于固定的\ mu $,在“ Hod点”,对应于在消失的头发极限处获得的极端Kerr黑色孔。该质量始终为$ M _ {\ rm H} ^ {\ rm max} \ sim M _ {\ rm Pl} ^ 2 / \ mu $。因此,引入这些自相互作用,黑洞的时空可能会变得相当“沉闷”,而被困区域则不会变得“更沉重”。我们提供证据,该观察值在$ \ mathcal {L} _I = \ beta | \ Psi | ^ 6- \ lambda | \ Psi | ^ 4 $的模型中也成立;如果扩展到\ textit {一般}标量场模型,则KBHsSH具有天体物理学意义上的水平质量\ textit {require}超轻标量场。因此,它们的存在将是这种(超越标准模型)颗粒的烟枪。

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